TIMELINE: A history of the land
3rd millennium BC
___Canaanites were earliest known inhabitants of the land. They became urbanized and lived in city-states and developed an alphabet.
17th century BC
___Patriarchs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob settle in the land of Israel, but famine forces the Hebrews to migrate to Egypt and eventually the Hebrew people became slaves as Egyptians gained control of the larger region. The division between Jews and Muslims traces back to Abraham, even though Islam would not emerge as a distinct religion for centuries. Jews tra
ce their lineage through Abraham's son Isaac, while Muslims trace their lineage through Abraham's son Ishmael.
13th century BC
___Moses leads the Israelites from Egypt, where they wandered in the wilderness for 40 years until taking possession of the land of Canaan in the 13th and 12th centuries.
1020 BC
___Jewish monarchy established with Saul as first king.
1000 BC
___King David makes Jerusalem Israel's capital.
960 BC
___King Solomon builds the first Jewish temple in Jerusalem.
930 BC
___The Israelites divide into northern and southern kingdoms.
720 BC
___Israel, the northern kingdom, defeated by the Assyrians; 10 of the 12 tribes of Israel are dispersed and lost.
586 BC
___Judah, the southern kingdom, defeated by Babylonia, temple destroyed and most Jews exiled to Babylonia.
538 BC
___Jews begin returning from exile and eventually rebuild the temple.
332 BC
___Land conquered by Alexander the Great, beginning Hellenistic rule.
166 BC
___Maccabean revolt and desecration of the temple.
142 BC
___Jews receive autonomy under Hasmonean rule.
129 BC
___Jewish independence under Hasmonean monarchy.
63 BC
___Jerusalem captured by Roman general Pompey.
4 BC
___Birth of Jesus.
29 AD
___Death and resurrection of Jesus.
66 AD
___Jewish revolt against Romans.
70 AD
___Destruction of Jerusalem and second temple.
326 AD
___Roman Emperor Constantine sends his mother to Holy Land; she orders construction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem and Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem.
570 AD
___Mohammed ibn Abdallah, considered a prophet by Muslims, is born in Mecca.
610 AD
___Mohammed writes the Koran, Islam's Scripture, based on what he says was a direct revelation from God. This establishes Islam as a distinct religion.
614 AD
___Persian invasion of Palestine.
691 AD
___On the site of the first and second Jewish temples, Muslims build the Dome of the Rock, a shrine commemorating the spot they believe Mohammed ascended into heaven in a "night journey."
1099 AD
___Beginning of the Crusades, in which European Christians sought to regain the Holy Lands from the "infidel" Muslims.
1291 AD
___Rule by the Mamluks during the Middle Ages, resulting in vast decline of the cities, especially Jerusalem, and impoverishment of the people.
1517 AD
___Rule by the Ottoman Empire, a Turkish dynasty.
1917 AD
___Ottoman rule ended by British conquest. British Foreign Minister Balfour pledges support for establishment of a "Jewish national home in Palestine."
1939 AD
___Beginning of World War II and slaughter of Jewish people in the Holocaust.
1947 AD
___Victorious World War II allies, through the United Nations, propose establishment of Arab and Jewish states in the land.
1948 AD
___State of Israel proclaimed May 14; Israel invaded by five Arab states the next day, setting off a war for independence. Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians become refugees.
1956 AD
___Second Arab-Israeli war, this one related to the Sinai Peninsula, which Israel briefly controlled, as well as the Gaza Strip, which Israel controlled until 1957.
1965 AD
___Palestinian Liberation Organization established to fight on behalf of displaced Palestinians.
1967 AD
___Six-day War leaves Israel with control of Gaza Strip, Sinai Peninsula, East Jerusalem, West Bank and Golan Heights.
1973 AD
___Yom Kippur War launched with a surprise attack on Israel by Egypt and Syria. U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger negotiates an eventual settlement for military disengagement.
1978 AD
___Camp David Accords led by U.S. President Jimmy Carter provide a framework for peace in the Middle East and for Palestinian self-rule. This led to the signing of an Israel-Egypt peace treaty in 1979.
1987 AD
___Beginning of the intifada, a Palestinian uprising against Jewish-occupied terroritories.
1993 AD
___PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin sign a peace treaty providing for Palestinian self-rule and creation of the Palestinian Authority.
___Sources: State of Israel, United Nations, Palestine History.com
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